Universal camouflage pattern

Все определения ACU

Что означает ACU в тексте

В общем, ACU является аббревиатурой или аббревиатурой, которая определяется простым языком. Эта страница иллюстрирует, как ACU используется в обмена сообщениями и чат-форумах, в дополнение к социальным сетям, таким как VK, Instagram, Whatsapp и Snapchat. Из приведенной выше таблицы, вы можете просмотреть все значения ACU: некоторые из них образовательные термины, другие медицинские термины, и даже компьютерные термины. Если вы знаете другое определение ACU, пожалуйста, свяжитесь с нами. Мы включим его во время следующего обновления нашей базы данных. Пожалуйста, имейте в информации, что некоторые из наших сокращений и их определения создаются нашими посетителями. Поэтому ваше предложение о новых аббревиатур приветствуется! В качестве возврата мы перевели аббревиатуру ACU на испанский, французский, китайский, португальский, русский и т.д. Далее можно прокрутить вниз и щелкнуть в меню языка, чтобы найти значения ACU на других 42 языках.

SelectionEdit

Phase IEdit

Test sitesEdit

There were a total of fifteen evaluations, which took place at Fort Benning, Fort Polk, Fort Irwin, Fort Lewis, and Yakima, Washington. The camouflage patterns were then rated on their blending, brightness, contrast, and detection by US Army Soldiers, during the daytime, and also at night using night vision devices.

Elimination of patternsEdit

Following testing, the Shadow Line pattern was eliminated entirely, along with the urban and desert/urban patterns of All Over Brush. All four of the Track patterns were accepted along with All Over Brush’s woodland and desert patterns.

Phase II & IIIEdit

The patterns were then modified and tested alongside a newly introduced «Contractor-Developed Mod» pattern, MultiCam. Near Infrared testing determined that black, medium gray, and medium tan were the only colors that gave acceptable performance.

Phase IV (system level)Edit

All four remaining patterns, desert Brush, MultiCam, Woodland Track, and Urban Track were then tested alongside each other in urban, woodland, and desert environments.

The desert Brush design received the best overall mean daytime visual rating. Contractor developed pattern received highest rating in woodland environments, but low ratings in desert and urban environments. Urban Track was generally the 3rd or 4th worst performer at each site, but was the best performer in nighttime environments. Infrared testing showed negligible differences in the performance of the four patterns. Natick rated the patterns from best to worst as: Desert Brush, Woodland Track Mod, Contractor-Developed Mod, and Urban Track.

History

Development

In early 2004, some U.S. Army soldiers in Iraq were issued the «Close Combat Uniform» a variant of the Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) that featured new features such as shoulder pockets affixed with hook-and-loop «Velcro» fasteners, chest-worn rank insignia, and a new collar. The experimental features used on the CCU were eventually incorporated into the ACU, which was publicly announced in June 2004.

Initial fielding

The process of replacing the U.S. Army’s BDUs and DCUs with the ACU was to set to begin in April 2005. However, the fielding process began two months earlier through the Rapid Fielding Initiative. Soldiers from the 48th Infantry Brigade Combat Team were the first in the U.S. Army to receive the ACU, subsequently deploying with them into Iraq in May 2005.

The ACU’s infrared tab, closed (left) and opened (right)

Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP)

The ACU of a U.S. Navy sailor attached to a U.S. Army unit during the Iraq War, August 2009

The ACU originally used the Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP), which used a pixelated pattern of tan, gray and green (Desert Sand 500, Urban Gray 501 and Foliage Green 502) and was intended to work in desert, woodland, and urban environments. For uniforms, the pattern was fully phased out and replaced by the Operational Camouflage Pattern on 30 September 2019, though UCP remains in service in limited capacities such as on some cold weather overgear and older body armor.

Operation Enduring Freedom Pattern (MultiCam)

Beginning in late 2010 U.S. Army soldiers deployed to Afghanistan (starting with the 173rd Airborne Brigade) were issued an Army-developed variant of the Crye Precision «MultiCam» pattern, known as the Operation Enduring Freedom Pattern (OEF, OEF-CP, or OCP), which was far more effective for use in Afghanistan’s terrain. The flame-retardant variants of the uniforms are designed to prevent third-degree burns, along with up to thirty percent of second degree burns. Additionally, all uniforms are treated with the chemical permethrin to help protect soldiers from insect-borne diseases like malaria. Some U.S. Army soldiers during the latter stages of the Iraq War also wore the OEF patterned ACU; some were seen wearing them as late as December 2011, when the United States withdrew its military forces from the country at the end of the war.[citation needed] The MultiCam-patterned ACUs were retired in 2019 with the UCP-patterned ones.

Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP)

In May 2014, the Army unofficially announced that the Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP) would replace UCP on the ACU. The original «Scorpion» pattern was developed at United States Army Soldier Systems Center by Crye Precision in 2002 for the Objective Force Warrior program. Crye later modified and trademarked their version of the pattern as MultiCam, which was selected for use by U.S. soldiers and airmen in Afghanistan in 2010 as the Operation Enduring Freedom Pattern. After talks to officially adopt MultiCam broke down over costs in late 2013, the Army began experimenting with the original Scorpion pattern, creating a variant code named «Scorpion W2», noting that while a pattern can be copyrighted, a color palette cannot and that beyond 50 meters the actual pattern is «not that relevant.» The pattern resembles MultiCam with muted greens, light beige, and dark brown colors, but uses fewer beige and brown patches and no vertical twig and branch elements. On 31 July 2014, the Army formally announced that the pattern would begin being issued in uniforms in summer 2015. The official name is intended to emphasize its use beyond Afghanistan to all combatant commands. The OCP pattern fully replaced the UCP pattern on the ACU by 1 October 2019. ACUs printed in OCP first became available for purchase on 1 July 2015, with deployed soldiers already being issued uniforms and equipment in the new pattern.

The Air Force has also started to adopt the OCP Uniform from 2018 onward, with it slated to replace the Airman Battle Uniform by April 2021.

The U.S. Space Force has also adopted the OCP uniform, but with navy blue thread for ranks and tapes.

ControversyEdit

U.S. Army soldiers in May 2006, wearing the Universal Camouflage Pattern in Kunar province, Afghanistan.

The U.S. Army reported to the media that the basis for the UCP was the Urban Track pattern, which had been modified through the removal of black from the pattern and pixelated. Why the Urban Track pattern was used, given that it received the poorest ratings in visual detection from the Natick Soldier Center’s testing, was unexplained. The U.S. Army’s public explanation of UCP’s origin has been shown to be false, as visual comparisons of pattern samples have shown the UCP to be simply a re-colored version of the U.S. Marine Corps’ MARPAT scheme, which in turn was based on the earlier Canadian CADPAT camouflage pattern. A more recent explanation provided by the development team is one of political interference. Apparently they were advised to take the colours of the winning pattern and combine it with a pixelated pattern. This is unlikely to be a full explanation as the UCP colour scheme bears little resemblance to any version of the winning «desert Brush» scheme.

The omission of black in the color palette has been the subject of much debate. Black is generally perceived in camouflage schemes as shadow and a degree of black, or an alternative dark color (e.g. brown in desert patterns), invariably enhances a pattern’s disruptive effect.
Some Soldiers have reported that the pattern is less than ideal in most environments, particularly jungle and tropical terrain. As the U.S. Army is currently involved in the Middle East, the uniform may have been biased towards the current operating environments.

When passed by the Senate, House of Representatives Bill 2346 required the Department of Defense to «take immediate action to provide combat uniforms to personnel deployed to Afghanistan with a camouflage pattern that is suited to the environment of Afghanistan.” The Army is currently evaluating alternative camouflage patterns to determine if this was a necessary action. In recent tests conducted by the U.S. Army’s Natick Soldier Center, results indicated that three other patterns did significantly better than UCP in desert and woodland environments. Currently four commercial submissions are being tested to replace UCP for Army use.

Upgrades Edit

Back Edit

Right Arm Edit

Left Arm Edit

UEF Armored Command Unit

UEF ACU

UEF General Clarke ACU and Titan escorts in Forged Alliance Cinematic Intro

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Cancellation of UCP and replacementEdit

Main article: United States Army next-generation camouflage pattern

The United States Army is cancelling the Universal Camouflage Pattern and considers the $5 billion program to be a colossal mistake. The pattern has been determined to be very ineffective and has been widely unpopular amongst the rank and file for years. Army researchers are currently working on a new and better camouflage. Four new patterns are being tested to give soldiers different patterns suitable for different environments, plus a single neutral pattern, to be used on more expensive body armor and other gear. The selection will involve hundreds of computer trials as well on-the-ground testing at half a dozen locations around the world. The new camouflage patterns are scheduled to be put into field use by the end of 2013 or 2014.

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